An eBook by Michael
Stevenson, CCHt
We provide this sample as a free gift to you for your enjoyment and enlightenment.
Please pass it on to friends, family and colleagues who might also be interested.
An introductory look at hypnosis, hypnotherapy, stage hypnosis and self hypnosis. The sample chapters of this ebook are free for anybody to read. If you want to learn hypnosis for any reason, this is the place to start. Written by Certified Clinical Hypotherpist Michael Stevenson, Learn Hypnosis ... Now! focuses on first helping you understand what hypnosis really is, minus all the hollywood hocus pocus and mystery. Then, once we have dispelled the myths and you have a firm understanding of hypnosis, you will learn how to use this amazing skill to help yourself or others in limitless ways.
This book is entertaining for anyone who wants to learn hypnosis - and even if you don't plan to buy the full book anytime soon, the sample chapters alone are very informative. You will find yourself saying "Hm.... I didn't know that!" over and over again. Whether you want to learn hypnosis to impress your friends and family, learn hypnotherapy to help people better themselves and make a nice living at the same time, learn stage hypnosis to entertain hundreds or thousands at a time, or learn self hynposis to improve yourself in limitless ways, Learn Hypnosis ... Now! is the book for you. Let's begin...
Dedicated To Jonathan
and Julie.
Everything I do is for you.
Copyright © 2002 Michael Stevenson
Published by Liquid Mirror Enterprises,
http://www.liquidmirror.com/
All Rights Reserved. No part of this text may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, desktop publishing, recording, or otherwise, without permission from the publisher. No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. Neither is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein.
All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks, registered trademarks, or service marks have been appropriately capitalized and are denoted with a ®, a TM or an SM. The publisher cannot attest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any registered trademark, trademark, or service mark.
Learn
Hypnosis... Now! Sample
Chapters
..
1
Conventions used in this
book
.
7
Chapter
1: What is Hypnosis
.
10
Hypnosis
is a Natural State
.
10
You Have
Already Been Hypnotized
.
12
Dispelling Myths About Hypnosis: Common
Questions
.
19
Will I
Lose control or be a Zombie?
.
20
If
that's so, why do people on stage bark like dogs and act like
fools?
.
20
What
Will Hypnosis Feel Like?
.
21
What if
I Can’t Be Hypnotized?
.
21
What if
I get "stuck" in Hypnosis?
.
22
Visualization and Future
Pacing
.
32
Commands
& Post-Hypnotic Suggestions
.
33
A Note
About NLP (Neuro-Linguistic Programming)
39
Chapter
2: Pathways into Hypnosis
.
40
Appendix
I: The History of Hypnosis
.
41
Franz
Anton Mesmer (1734 - 1815)
41
James
Esdaile (1808 – 1859)
44
Liebault
& Bernheim and the Nancy School for Hypnotism
..
44
Jean-Martin Charcot (1825 –
1893)
45
Sigmund
Freud (1856 – 1939)
45
The New
Fathers of Hypnosis
.
46
Milton
H. Erickson (1902 - 1984)
47
Richard
Bandler and John Grinder
49
Appendix
IV: Bibliography - Other Books and Products
.
55
Neuro Linguistic Programming
(NLP)
56
Welcome! You are about to embark on a fantastic journey. You will learn many things about hypnosis and the human mind along the way. We will cover the history of hypnosis, the theory and mechanics behind hypnosis, five different styles of hypnotic induction, the structure of suggestion, and hypnosis for therapeutic purposes (i.e., pain management, smoking cessation, weight loss, etc.). We will also cover common myths about hypnosis (there are more than you know, and many that you probably believe to be true!)
Hypnosis is a journey into the subconscious mind of you or your subject. It can be used in a variety of situations from having fun on stage or at a party, to relieving pain, to breaking habits, to achieving hypnotic anesthesia for surgery. Prepare yourself for the ride of a lifetime.
This book is for anyone! If you have a desire to have fun, explore the human mind, learn how the subconscious mind works, understand how to give suggestions to people that work, and become more at peace with yourself, you have come to the right place.
Hypnosis is more than a stage show. It’s more than ‘hocus-pocus’. It’s more than showing off to friends, family or audience. Hypnosis is a journey inward. I offer you the opportunity to learn the inner workings of yourself, as well as the ways of others.
Don’t get me wrong… hypnosis is fun too! Children, teens, adults and the elderly each have their own style and charm in hypnosis. Stage shows, if done right, are humorous and fun for everybody. So, pick your path. Our journey begins shortly.
The simple answer is yes. Hypnosis is not regulated in most of the United States*. No license is required to practice hypnosis, although certification is a good way to begin your journey.
There are certain rules and laws that govern acts used in hypnosis. For instance, certain issues should not be addressed without approval from the subject’s physician or therapist. These issues will be addressed in the section titled “Should I Cure This?” in Chapter 3.
The most difficult part of hypnosis is finding subjects. I suggest that you keep your study of hypnosis quiet at first. Otherwise, people will be skeptical, no doubt. Begin by asking a friend or family member to experiment in a “relaxation technique” that you heard about. Before they know it, they will be in a deep state of relaxation and hypnosis.
For the first time or two, keep suggestions, which you will learn about in Chapter 1, out of the game completely. Just take them into trance, let them experience the beauty and benefit of it, and then bring them out. You will experience this for yourself in Chapter 1 when I explain how to download your sample hypnosis induction from our website. Eventually, you can begin to let them know that you’ve been dabbling in hypnosis. At this point, you will have hypnotized a few people and become more confident in your own abilities.
· Depending upon your specific context, you may be working with a client, patient, volunteer, audience member, relative, friend, guinea pig, or victim. As I cannot predict the use of your skills, I will settle on the word “subject”, throughout the book, to refer to the target of your hypnosis.
· New Words will be italicized to indicate that the word may be looked up in the Glossary (i.e., Now would be a good time to try some convincers.)
· Within quoted text, italicized words are called embedded commands and are to be spoken with a different inflection, temp or tone. This concept will be covered before the first occurrence.
· Within quoted dialog or instructions, commands to you as the hypnotist will be enclosed with [square brackets] and colored red.
·
Focus on This!
Factoids, trivia and other fun information will be displayed under this heading.
·
Don’t Trance
Out!Reminders and other important information
will be placed under this heading.
I am an avid student of Hypnosis, Neuro-Linguistic Programming and Body Language. After quitting smoking with a self-hypnosis tape that I bought at a stage show at the county fair, I became fascinated with hypnosis. My first trip to the library yielded no results whatsoever. I began going from bookstore to bookstore looking for any information I could find on hypnosis.
Since then, I have read nearly every book currently in print on hypnosis and NLP (NLP will be discussed briefly in Chapter 1). I live in Aliso Viejo, CA where I am a computer programmer, web-engineer, and a musician in my spare time. I have a certificate in Clinical Hypnotherapy from American Pacific University and I’m a member of the American Board of Hypnotherapy.
Although a computer programmer and owner of Liquid Mirror Software by day, my current focus is in maintaining my level of practice as a hypnotist and opening up an office for hypnotherapy. Feel free to contact me any time at hypnobook@liquidmirror.com
Part I -
Fundamentals
In this chapter, we will take a look at what hypnosis actually is. While we don't fully understand hypnosis from a medical/scientific standpoint, many studies are in process at the time of this writing that will shed some more light on exactly what this wonderful state is and how we can continue to use it in the future. Here's what we do know about hypnosis…
Hypnosis is a natural
state that each of us has the ability to enter. Some people are more talented than
others at entering deep trance (This deep level of hypnosis is commonly called
somnambulism). Everyone is
able to enter this somnambulistic level of trance, but some enter it more easily
than others. We will discuss this
further in Chapter 1.
Nearly every school of
thought about mental health defines two major parts to the entity we call
personality. Some call it Id and
Ego; some call it Child and Parent.
We will call it your Conscious Mind and Sub-conscious Mind (or
Unconscious Mind, as some people prefer to say).
Your conscious mind is
the part of you that you "think" with.
It consists of all of your conscious thought, while your subconscious
handles the many millions of details that you encounter every day of your
life. A good analogy that I like to
use is that of a sailing ship. The
Captain (your conscious mind) does all the logical, rational thinking. He makes conscious, informed decisions
on a high level based on the information before him. He does not deal with the lower-level,
more mundane tasks... that's the Crew's (your subconscious mind's) job. If he wants the ship to turn right, he
might give the command "All Hands!
Full to Starboard!!!"
The captain obviously
doesn't turn the boat himself... this is where the crew comes in. "Behind the scenes", there is a man who
rings the chime to indicate a turn, which prompts engineering to fire up a
motor, which requires more steam and prompts workers to shovel and burn more
coal, which needs still other workers to replenish coal. These men work hard and deserve a good
meal, so there are cooks that make food that waiters need to serve. Others have to replenish the food
supplies, sweep the floors, check the weather, monitor sonar and radar, plot
courses and a million other tasks... All just so the Captain can bark his next
order. In order to do so, he must
pay attention to the feedback from his crew.
Can you guess what
happens when the Captain starts ignoring, or even worse, mistreating the
crew? That's right... Mutiny. Which is exactly what happens when some
of us get out of rapport with our own subconscious.
Basically, hypnosis
allows us to open the subconscious mind to suggestion while the conscious mind
wanders, or is otherwise distracted.
In other words, hypnosis whips your "Crew" back into
shape.
Hypnosis is not
mind control, brainwashing, black magic or voodoo. The hypnotist has no "special
power". Hypnosis is a cooperative
activity, which requires the full consent of the client or subject. As a matter of fact,
all hypnosis
is self-hypnosis. The
subject enters hypnosis of his own accord - the hypnotist merely guides the
subject through his experience and offers therapeutic suggestions (or
entertaining suggestions, depending on his line of work) along the
way.
You may not know it, but chances are you've already been hypnotized! Have you ever been daydreaming; so oblivious to the world that you didn't even hear someone speaking to you or calling your name? Ever read a book or watch a movie and get so into it that you lose track of all time and feel as though you are there? Have you ever been driving down the road and suddenly "snap to", wondering how you have traveled the last few miles? These are all altered-states, where your subconscious mind has jumped to the surface and taken over while your conscious mind wanders. In essence, you have been hypnotized!!!
Many people react to hypnosis in many different ways. Because of this, no simple table can accurately describe everyone's reaction to hypnosis. Some people appear to be "out cold", while others will have fluttering eyelids or some other types of twitching. Young children, who are actually in altered states most of the time, will squirm or even giggle while in hypnosis. My point is that hypnosis is almost completely subjective and just because a subject may or may not show one or more of these signs does not necessarily mean that the subject is or isn't hypnotized. These three levels of trance are simplified and not really meant to signify concrete states of hypnosis. More will be said about this in the section titled "The Stages of Hypnosis".
Figure 1.1 - Signs
of Hypnosis
Light
Trance |
Deep
relaxation |
|
Medium
Trance |
Face
Flaccid |
|
Deep
Trance |
Catalepsy |
|
Effect is another
highly subjective area of hypnosis.
While there are some similarities in the experiences of most subjects,
none of these effects are a requirement or a direct indication of successful
hypnosis.
Figure 1.2 -
Effects of Hypnosis
Deep
Relaxation |
Most
subjects will experience an intense feeling of relaxation. Although, relaxation is not
necessary for trance, many methods of hypnosis promote trance through
dissociation with the body.
This is usually done through deep
relaxation. |
Floating or
Sinking |
Many
subjects report the gentle feeling of floating or sinking into the chair
or couch that they are on.
|
Increased
Senses |
While
hypnosis usually involves dissociation from the body, typically, many
people report that they also become aware of certain things through an
increase in the sensitivity of their senses. |
Amnesia |
Many people
experience amnesia about the content of the hypnotic experience. This is actually encouraged, and
even intentionally suggested, when using hypnosis in a therapeutic
setting. |
Time
Distortion |
Trance can
do some amazing things to a person’s perception of time. Many sessions that last an hour
feel like ten or fifteen minutes to an awakened subject. Sometimes, twenty-minute sessions
feel like hours. Time
distortion is completely subjective - everyone experiences it
differently. |
Hypnosis is generally
regarded as having three levels or stages of "depth". There is a fairly heated argument
between different camps regarding the actual levels (even if there actually are
any) of hypnosis and what characteristics belong to each level. The chart I use here has been adapted
from Tad James, 2000
Figure 1.3 -
Stages of Hypnosis
Light
Trance |
Feelings of
lethargy and relaxation |
Catalepsy of the eyes |
|
Catalepsy of
the arms or other muscle groups |
|
Floating or
sinking feelings |
|
Full body
catalepsy |
|
Medium
Trance |
Smell and
taste can be suggested. For
example, making an onion taste and smell like an
apple. |
The ability
to totally erase or block numbers from the
mind. |
|
Amnesia of certain
events |
|
Glove
Anesthesia |
|
Analgesic suggestions |
|
Post-hypnotic
suggestion |
|
Deep
Trance |
Automatic
movement. For example, if you
begin to move the subject’s hands in orbit around each other, they will
continue to move that way automatically, without verbal suggestion, until
you stop them or suggest that they stop. |
Positive
hallucinations can be suggested.
For instance, in my hand, you will see a tennis ball. What color is
it? |
|
Complete
anesthesia |
|
Negative
hallucinations, while more difficult to suggest than positive
hallucinations, can sometimes be suggested at this point. For instance, the chair you are
sitting on has just disappeared… you can no longer see the chair
anywhere. |
|
Comatose, or
what has been commonly called, the Esdaile
state. |
Bear in mind that
these stages are very fluid. Please, do
not get the idea that only a person in medium trance can receive
post-hypnotic suggestions, or that only a person in deep trance can experience
anesthesia. Everyone is different
and people respond in different ways to hypnosis. This table is only presented as a loose
outline and is not meant to limit your options in any way. Remember... Anything is
possible!
Let's face it...
Hypnosis has not fared well under the skeptical eye of most. There are many reasons for this - Media
being the biggest. The image of
hypnosis most commonly put forth by Hollywood is one of magic, mystery and
power. In these movies, some
sinister villain usually waves something shiny in the "victim's" face and gains
full and complete control.
Well, as we have
learned, this is all false, but most people don't even have the small amount of
knowledge about hypnosis that you have recently gained. In order to help these people to trust
us and relax sufficiently, we must dispel a few myths about hypnosis. Most uncertainties about hypnosis stem
from issues where the client/subject believes that they will lose control and be
made to bark like a dog or something of the sort. I will provide some specific ways to
combat these fears later in this book, but for now, let's look at some of the
most common questions people have about hypnosis and the ways that I like to
answer them.
No, you will not fall asleep. While many people look "zonked out" while in trance, this is usually just a product of the extreme relaxation and comfort of the subject. Hypnosis is not sleep. At all times, you will be completely awake and in control.
Not at all. Hypnosis is a cooperative activity,
which means that you must consent to everything that I suggest to you. If I were to suggest something that
would make you uncomfortable, cause harm or is out of line with your morals, you
would either come out of trance, or simply ignore the suggestion. You are
suggestible under
hypnosis, but not commandable!
Have you ever known
anyone personally that has gone on stage?
The stage hypnotist plays with a bit of a stacked deck. Think about it... Who goes up on
stage? Volunteers! Those are people who enjoy hamming it
up. Heck, I'll bet if you watch
most of them volunteering, they were probably standing on their tippie-toes on
their chairs saying "Me, me, me, me, me, me!!!!" They enjoy the attention! Chances are
they might bark like a dog even if they weren't hypnotized just to get a
laugh! This is not meant to take
anything away from stage-hypnotists - stage hypnotism is an extraordinary art
that is difficult to master. But,
in order to put ten to fifty subjects under trance in less than ten minutes, and
then have them do entertaining things, it helps to have the right type of
subjects.
Focus
on This! |
In the above paragraph, you'll notice that certain words are italicsized. Those "chunks" of the passage are meant to be said at a slightly different volume, tempo or tone of voice. This type of emphasis is called embedded commands, which speak directly to the subconscious mind. Embedded Commands will be discussed further in chapter 2 |
Hypnosis can feel
radically different to different people, so I can't tell you exactly what you'll
feel. But I can tell you this... It
will be completely comfortable...you will relax completely... And
you will have a profoundly incredible and positive experience. The best way to learn about it is to
experience it.
Everyone can be
hypnotized. Let me say that again:
Everyone can be hypnotized.
This does not necessarily mean that everyone will submit to
hypnosis. Remember, hypnosis is
cooperative... The subject is always in charge. But rest assured that, anyone with an
I.Q. above that of a cucumber, who can relax, comprehend and follow simple
instructions, can be hypnotized.
This is the most
common fear that people ask me about.
It’s also the most silly. In
the entire history of hypnosis, no one has ever gotten "stuck" in trance. You've never become permanently "stuck"
daydreaming, have you?!? Of course
not! While a few people are
reluctant to "snap to", just because hypnosis is so cool and feels so good,
everyone comes out of hypnosis feeling great, refreshed and full of
life.
As I said before, the
best way to learn what hypnosis feels like is to experience it. Now that we've taken all the mystery and
hocus-pocus out of hypnosis, and dispelled all the common myths that you may
have believed, you get your chance.
Simply log on to the
website using the link below and download your own hypnosis induction, which is
free to you as an owner of this book.
Please be mindful that the audio file you are about to download is
copyrighted material and should not be shared with others who have not purchased
this book. Listening to the
recording constitutes your acceptance of the terms in Appendix
V.
While hypnosis itself
is not dangerous, closing your eyes and trancing out while driving, or doing
some other activity that requires your attention, obviously is
dangerous. So the standard warnings
apply: do not use while driving any type of vehicle, operating heavy machinery
or power tools, babysitting or parenting or performing any other activity that
requires your attention.
This is a simple
induction using relaxation techniques and guided imagery. There are a few
suggestions for general happiness and well-being, then you will be brought back
out of trance. Allow yourself about
30 minutes of quiet, peacetime where you can be alone and undisturbed. Follow the link below, or copy &
paste the address into your browser to begin. The file is in mp3 format and will
require a player, such as Microsoft Media Player, to listen.
http://www.liquidmirror.com/bin/Hyp02.zip
The field of hypnosis
is as varied as any of the other "helping" professions. There are many different
styles of hypnosis in use today. It
probably won't surprise you to know that the style most commonly portrayed by
Hollywood, the media and mystery writers is the style that is least likely used
by real, knowledgeable, professional hypnotists.
Let's take a look at
five common styles of hypnotic induction: Permissive, authoritarian, Dave Ellman
style, Milton H. Erickson style and rapid induction. Although some may argue it until they
are blue in the face, my belief is that none are inherently better than any
other. Each style has its own
advantages in different situations.
As a matter of fact, most inductions are a mix of styles. So don't artificially limit yourself by
learning only one style.
Authoritarian style is
the style that you most often see from Hollywood or read in horror/mystery
novels. Using this style, the
hypnotist litterally commands the subject into hypnosis.
"Close your eyes. Take three deep breaths and begin, now, to relax every muscle in your body."
This previous passage
is indicative of an authoritarian type of induction. This sort of style usually works on
people that like to be told explicitly what to do. Stubborn people, skeptics, defiant or
people with polar-reactions and people with otherwise "strong" personalities are
probably not good candidates for an overly authoritarian induction.
Permissive techniques
are much less commanding. The idea
with a permissive approach is to let the subject make the decisions about what
he/she wants to do. There is
virtually no emphasis on the "power" that the hypnotist has over the subject
(because, if you remember, the hypnotist has no power over the
subject!). Use of embedded commands
is usually used fairly often to clue the subconscious mind into what it is you
want them to do. Embedded commands
will be discussed later in Chapter 1, but for now, just realize that embedded
commands are commands that are "hidden" within normal conversion. The command words themselves are said
with a slightly different tonality or tempo to mark them out to the subconscious
mind.
“If you would, sit
down with in a comfortable position.
I wonder if you can begin to relax completely. It feels good to relax, doesn’t it? You might be able to notice that your
eyes are getting heavier and your eyelids will soon feel very, very tired. Please close your eyes and listen to my
voice.”
In the above example
(embedded commands were italicized for emphasis), you can see that the mood is
much more friendly, and polite than the Authoritarian approach. At all steps, the subject is
asked to do things, not told.
Dave Elman discovered a rapid approach that works very well on many people. While most hypnotists at the time were worried about eye fixation and achieving eye-closure before inducing hypnosis (sometimes taking an hour or more), Dave Elman simply asked for it. His theory was that hypnosis is a state that we’re all capable of and familiar with, so induction could be rapid.
Milton Erickson was a man who truly understood how to communicate with the subconscious minds of others. Nearly everything he did communicated on multiple levels. In order to communicate that effectively, you need to learn to use everything around you - from the subject’s history to events and noises around you at the moment to the subject’s responses – in your communication. That is why this style of hypnosis is often called utilitarian. For example, if someone inadvertently came in through the door during an induction, most hypnotists would panic and think the session a failure. Milton would have simply said something like
“…And as the doors to your subconscious open… they allow you to go even deeper inside…”
Much like a phony fortuneteller, one of the keys to this style of hypnosis is deliberate vagueness. Ericksonian techniques use vague statements and fuzzy descriptions to pace the subject’s ongoing reality – in other words, to match what the subject feels at the moment to create more of a reality. For example, Erickson might look at you and say “Sometime, maybe very soon, you will blink…” When you eventually do (as, of course, will happen), he will say “That’s riiight… And that will allow to your relaaaax even deeper…” Or he might say “In a moment, you’ll begin to feel a sensation in one of your hands… Maybe one will be lighter or heavier than the other… Maybe you’ll notice that one is warmer or cooler than the other…” This will cause the subject to become curious and withdraw to ponder the situation and check his hands. Of course, no two hands are alike, so the subject is sure to feel some difference, and he’ll believe that this is the one Milton speaks of!
This serves two purposes. First, it serves to pace the reality of the subject, thereby creating a greater level of rapport, trust and belief. Second, and most important, it begins to get the subject into an altered state by occupying the subject’s conscious thoughts and causing the subject to withdraw.
Rapid inductions, while usually less successful with subjects new to hypnosis, can be very powerful when used in the right situations. The key to performing successful rapid inductions is to use them at times when other factors contribute to the success of the induction. Here are a few examples:
Highly Hypnotizable Individuals: Sometimes, very suggestible subjects can be hypnotized using rapid induction techniques. These are the types that are so suggestible that they often trance out just watching someone else being induced!
Shock: Very useful in the medical fields is the shock induction. Consider a situation where a patient comes in to the E/R in shock, such as say a compound fracture of the femur, and you simply don’t have time to administer anesthetic, or you can’t calm the patient sufficiently to work on the affected area. Simply jumping toward the patient with arms and hands out and screaming “SLEEEP!” is often enough, coupled with the shock, to put the subject in a mild trance. This approach is obviously extreme and not recommended for most patients… it could, as a matter of fact, get you punched, or cause your patient to have a heart attack. Use at your own risk!
Social Proof: Social Proof is a very powerful concept that has been studied for years by all types of professionals. Have you ever noticed that people tend to do what they see other people doing? Ask a question in a crowded room that requires a show of hands. For the first four or five seconds, nothing. Then maybe one or two will raise their hand. Seeing this, more raise their hands, etc. The answer to your posed questions had always been yes, but most didn’t feel comfortable answering until social proof dictated that it was acceptable to do so.
Social proof is used a great deal in stage hypnosis. There are usually a huge variety of people on stage at any given show. By the time they’ve been on the stage two minutes, the experienced stage hypnotist already knows who the joker is, who the reserved one is, who will be their star, who is willing to try on clothes of the opposite sex, etc. But most importantly, he knows who is the most suggestible. By concentrating on getting these easiest people into trance first, he is setting up social proof that works with his as he moves down the line to the more difficult subjects. In most shows, after the first four or five people are tranced out, all the hypnotist has to do is look at a subject, maybe yank their arm, and say “Sleep!”... The anticipation and social proof is enough to do the rest!
Veterans of Trance: Trance is a skill. Some people, of course, are naturals. But for most, the more they get to experience trance, the better they get at it, and the faster and deeper they can go. Many times, people who have experienced trance and know what it feels like can easily put themselves back into that state with little or no help from the hypnotist. Rapid induction works well for these people, especially if you’ve previously given them a post-hypnotic command to go back into trance upon command.
Children: Children are notorious for their imaginations. Imaginary friends, imaginary worlds (my kids come up with imaginary promises that I supposedly made!)… They walk around much of the time in an altered state! Because of this, it’s usually very easy to get a child into trance using a rapid induction. Most children simply won’t respond to longer, more boring inductions, anyway.
I’m going to says
something now that will shock you. Nobody is ever cured with
hypnosis. That’s right. Hypnosis is not in itself a
cure
for anything. Instead it is
a tool - and a very powerful one at that - that allows you to speak directly to
the subconscious mind of your subject.
This part of the process is called the intervention, and it’s what
you say at this point that is most important.
There are many opinions about scripts. Most hypnotists think that scripts are useless because they don’t target the specific needs and situation of the subject. Some believe that scripts are fabulous because they are tried and tested over and over, otherwise people would not be distributing or publishing them.
I tend to take the middle ground on this issue. I believe that scripts are a great starting point for anyone. They are a record of something that someone did that worked at one time on a subject or subjects under certain conditions. Many times, especially for beginning hypnotists, scripts are the only way to get a head start… after all; you don’t just magically know what to say to a subject!
Please notice that I said scripts are a good starting point. They should only be used to get a general idea of where to go… then you take over. It can be very counter-productive to be continually telling a subject “your arm is getting lighter… soon, you will notice your arm floating in the air…. Your arm is lifting off your leg…” for five minutes when his/her arm lifted after thirty seconds. This type of thing is a possibility when reading verbatim from a script and can get very annoying to the subject, causing his/her trance to falter and fail.
The most important thing you can do is to be in tune with our subject. Pay attention to body language and visible signs and tailor your session to match. This will net you the best level of rapport and the best trance that your subject can achieve. Just use your common sense and you’ll do fine.
These similar concepts
are two of the ways that you can reinforce suggestions and interventions in your
subject. Often, a perfectly good
suggestion can crumble under real world conditions. For instance, someone who has had
suggestions for smoking cessation may do wonderfully until Friday night
while drinking with friends at the club.
This is where
future pacing becomes important, if not essential. The idea is to have the person
visualize, as vividly as possible, a time in the future. They will visualize themselves with all
the new resources they've acquired (i.e., the ability to refuse a cigarette or
eat sensibly or posses self-confidence), and using those resources
successfully.
The largest benefit is
to the subject who has now been able to realize their goal. The key is that they realized it in the
safely and comfort of your presence, instead of in the real world, full of
pitfalls and temptations. There is
also a benefit in that you can immediately get valuable feedback and determine
whether you should give key suggestions again. Better this than to have the subject
come back later, dejected with a loss under his/her belt, ready to give it one
more "try".
Other forms of
visualization can be very useful as well.
Visualizations can help to calm and relax, and there are even studies to
show that visualization can heal.
Focus
on This! |
These techniques are not only valuable while you have a subject under hypnosis. They work equally as well when trance is not used! Try this with your children, spouse, co-workers… anyone! You’ll see better results in your every-day communication. |
There is much to be said about the structure of a good command or suggestion. Good, clear and concise communication is key to giving successful suggestions.
There have been whole books written on the art of suggestion and persuasion. Check the Bibliography for more references on suggestion. For now, here are some pointers to get you started.
Be congruent: When forming a suggestion, the pitch and tone of your voice should always match your intended meaning. For statements, your tone and pitch should remain relatively flat or constant. For commands, your pitch should go down slightly at the end of your sentence/command. For a question, your pitch should obviously go up at the end of your question. This may seem like common sense, but you wouldn't believe how many beginning hypnotists forget tonality and say something like "In a moment your arm will become lighter?" Not only does it confuse the subject but it also makes your suggestion less effective. If you don't believe it, then your subject certainly won't, so be confident, be direct and be congruent.
Be
Thorough: Make sure that you
explicitly specify what you want.
You are speaking directly to the subconscious mind, which can take things
very literally. If you are working
with someone who wishes to lose weight, your initial reaction might be to
suggest, "From now on you will eat less."
This suggestion seems perfectly acceptable to you... But, remember,
you're hearing this with your conscious mind! To the subconscious mind,
this could mean something as silly as taking one less bite per meal. Or worse, the subconscious could
interpret this as "From now on, I'll only eat once a week." As you can see, thoroughness is
important.
In our previous
example, a better suggestion might be "From this point forward you will only
have the urge to regularly eat healthy foods. Chocolates, candy and fatty foods will
only be eaten moderately or on special occasions. You will no longer decide when your meal
is done based upon taste or mood, but based purely on need and fullness. After taking each bite you will
consciously check your stomach to see if you need to eat more. You'll stop eating when you are
pleasantly comfortable, at 6 on a scale of one to ten, one being hungry, ten
being full. Etc, etc, etc." As you can see this suggestion leaves
very little to interpretation and will net much better results than a vague
suggestion.
Be
Positive: I cannot stress this enough. Because of the way the human brain
works, we cannot process negative statements very effectively. When interpreting communication, the
brain first makes a picture of the thing that is being discussed, and then
negates it. For example, have you
ever noticed that when someone looks at their child and says, “Don’t spill that
milk!” the first thing the child does is knock over the glass? The parent’s simple error was that they
didn’t form a positive suggestion.
The child’s brain heard and comprehended “Spill that milk!”, and acted on
it before the brain had a chance to negate it.
A more
productive suggestion might sound like “Be sure to keep your glass upright.” or
“Please keep your milk either in the cup or in your mouth.” Or even simply, "Be
careful with your milk."
Positive
suggestions may sound funny because we are so used to giving negative
suggestions, and you may have to get a little creative to come up with good
wording, but the fact is, positive suggestions are easier for the subject to
accept and have a far greater chance of being accepted for what they
are.
Stack
Suggestions: “
Stacking suggestions” is simply
stringing suggestions together so that the subject has less of a chance of
rejecting the group of suggestions.
People, in general, are more or less amenable. We usually like to please people and
will respond to simple requests.
Fire off many different suggestions or requests to a person at once and
they may tell you to take a hike for asking for so much.
The basic
principal works like this. Suppose
you ask your son to pick up his bike.
Then ask him to close the garage.
You’ve asked him to do two, individual things, which he will evaluate
separately and may or may not reject one or both. Chances are, he’ll pick up his bike and
maybe forget to close the garage.
Now, consider this phrasing, “Johnny, please close the garage when you
pick up your bike.” You’ve now stacked suggestions (you’ve also presupposed that
he will pick up his bike and close the garage. Presuppositions are very powerful and
will be discussed next). He will
have to evaluate these suggestions as a whole, and because of our amenable
nature, will most likely respond favorably.
Presuppositions:
Presuppositions are extremely powerful. In essence, you are stating something to
the subject that must be true in order for the rest of your sentence to be
true. If I’m speaking to a
potential client, I might say, “You will really enjoy the feelings you
experience when you go into trance”.
I’m presupposing a few things here, even though this person is just
asking me a few questions. I am
telling the subject that they will have feelings that will be enjoyable. But in order for that to happen, I must
presuppose that the client will willingly and successfully be hypnotized by me:
“when you go into trance”.
This is a trick that is used quite often in sales when a clerk will walk
up to you and say “Would you like to pay for that with cash or charge?” They didn’t ask you if you
want
to buy it… they’re presupposing that and cutting right to the chase. In essence they are saying, “I know you
are going to buy that, so how would you like to pay for it?” Very simple, yet very powerful.
Stack
Realities: Another example of stacking or layering
is to Stack Reality – Frequently called Yes Sets. This is a bit of a combination of the
last two techniques. When stacking
realities, you state the obvious (or the apparently obvious) to the subject –
Things that the subject can only say yes to – in order to persuade the subject
to say yes to the resulting suggestion.
It is difficult for a person to discount one part of a sentence if they
have agreed to the other parts.
For example I
could say, “You’re sitting there, reading this eBook, learning about hypnosis
and you suddenly want to buy all the products that Liquid Mirror has to offer…”
What I’ve done is stack realities.
There are most likely three realities in the previous sentence, and one
suggestion that I hope would become a reality. By stacking realities, I’ve gotten you
to say, “Yes, I’m sitting – Yes, I’m reading, - Yes, I’m learning about
hypnosis” and hopefully, out of sheer repetitiveness and habit, you will say
“Yes, I want to buy all products from Liquid Mirror.”
When stacking
realities in a hypnotic setting, often the only reality we can stack is the
subject’s experience. Since we
obviously haven’t perfected the Vulcan Mind Meld, we don’t really know
what the subject is feeling or experiencing, because hypnosis is so
subjective. In this case, we turn
to the Utilitarian styles of Milton H. Erickson. By using vague, ambiguous words we can,
more or less, describe the subject’s experience. “You’re sitting there… thinking those
thoughts… feeling those feelings… noticing the temperature of a hand or a foot…
maybe a leg…. wondering what will happen next… knowing that you can close your eyes and relax any time you want.” This is another very powerful technique
that can be applied in every day communication. Practice and learn it
well.
Stories have been used since ancient times to teach, entertain and heal. A metaphor in this setting is a type of story that has specific, personal and therapeutic meaning in relation to the subject. Metaphors are usually short stories that, when interpreted on a subconscious level, give new resources or solutions to the subject.
The structure and creation of therapeutic metaphors is beyond the scope of this book. Learning to structure metaphors can be very valuable to the practicing hypnotherapist. Check the Bibliography for references to books that can help you learn this skill.
Coupling hypnosis and NLP can be very beneficial, sometimes making the difference between a subject’s success and failure. Many times, NLP can be used in lieu of a hypnosis intervention (as in the rapid-change techniques used for curing phobias), using hypnosis only to future-pace the subject and reinforce the treatment.
NLP is beyond the scope of this eBook, and quite possibly beyond the scope of any one book. It is not just a field, but can be a way of life in many ways. There are many great references available in the Bibliography to get you started in this excellent and fascinating field. I highly recommend it.
As you can see, hypnosis is a wide and varied field. There
are many different styles and techniques at your disposal. Each
has it’s own strengths. None of
them is hypnosis alone, but they all make up hypnosis together. In
the next chapter, we’ll begin to look at some of those techniques in depth.
If you like what you've read
so far, you'll love the rest of the book. Visit
http://www.learnhypnosisnow.com/
today and get your copy!
Buy it today! Here
are some of the things you will see when you buy your copy:
·
Specific induction
instructions that will teach you how to hypnotize anyone.
·
Ideas and
instruction for Stage Hypnosis.
·
Learn how to
hypnotize yourself to overcome your fears, break bad habits and improve yourself
in limitless ways.
·
Many scripts are
included in Appendix III of the full book.
The following pages are provided for your
enjoyment - Appendix I: The History of Hypnosis, Appendix II: Glossary, Appendix
IV: Bibliography which has great references to other hypnosis books, and
Appendix V: EULA
Hypnosis spans back as far as written time in one form or another. Ancient Egyptians used sleeping temples in order to revitalize their spirits. Buddhists have been using mediation - a phenomenon very similar to hypnosis - for millennia.
Modern Hypnosis, however, began in the 18th century with a man named Franz Anton Mesmer. It was curiously tied to magnetism, which still has a following today.
Focus
on This! |
To this day, the term “mesmerized”, derived from Mesmer’s name, is used to describe someone in a captivated trance. |
Franz Mesmer was a physician and a graduate of the famed Medical School of Vienna in 1776. After studying with a Jesuit priest, Mesmer became interested in magnetism. Magnetism was a holistic medical practice where magnets were passed over the bodies of patients to promote healing. The results were fabulous and Mesmer became Europe’s foremost expert.
Mesmer believed that each living being had an invisible magnetic “fluid” that ran throughout its body. It was his theory that a person with enough of this magnetic fluid would be strong and healthy. If a person had a lack of magnetic fluid he would become very ill and possibly die. This was termed “Animal Magnetism,” coining the popular phrase.
Mesmer routinely practiced his magnetism, becoming very famous. One day, while tending to a patient, he discovered that he did not have his magnets. Wanting to perform, Mesmer went through the motions without his magnets, not expecting his session to be successful, but to Mesmer's surprise, the patient was cured of his ailment. Mesmer declared that he no longer needed the magnets for he had enough of the fluid within him that he could administer the healings himself. This, along with his claim that women need not suffer pain during childbirth, caused a terrible blow to his reputation. He moved from Vienna to Paris in 1778 to escape constant reticule.
As Mesmer’s popularity grew in Paris, he inevitably became over-confidant. He insisted that King Louis XVI establish a panel to prove the reality of his practice and quiet his detractors. This was a grave mistake.
A panel of noteworthy men was commissioned at the order of the King. Antoine-Laurent de Jessieu, a famous botanist, Dr. Guillotin, inventor of the guillotine, Antoine-Laurent Lavosier, a chemist, and Benjamin Franklin, serving as an American Ambassador in France, were set to the task. Benjamin Franklin spoke for the commission when he wrote “This fellow Mesmer is not flowing anything from his hands that I can see. Therefore, this Mesmerism must be a fraud.” His reputation ruined, Franz Mesmer died a poor and lonely man in Germany in 1815.
Some time later, Marquis de Pusseguyr continued the study of
Mesmer’s work and later coined the term somnambulism, which we still use
today to describe a deep state of hypnosis.
Focus
on This! |
Hypnosis was originally called Neurohypnotism, meaning Nervous Sleep. It almost became Monoideaism, meaning to hold one idea, but luckily that name didn’t stick. |
A surgeon in Manchester, England, James Braid was the first person to accurately describe hypnosis as more than magnetism.
In 1841, he set out to discredit Mesmerism at a public demonstration by the traveling mesmerist, Lafontaine. Instead he became convinced of Lafontaine’s young volunteer’s deep trance. This fascinated Braid to no end and he began studying its usefulness in relation to surgery.
In 1843, James Braid published the first book on Hypnotism, which gave it its name, titled “Neurohypnotism”. His focus was on using hypnosis for pain-free surgery.
Before the discovery of Chloroform or other anesthesia for surgery, the mortality rate was alarming. Up to 50% of patients died during major surgery from fear or shock alone. Not the most pleasing odds.
James Esdaile, a Scottish surgeon working in India, beat those odds hands down. Esdaile would spend up to two hours preparing a patient for surgery. Using eye fixation, sounds, and slow, sweeping motions Esdaile would put his patients into a deep hypnotic state, causing full anesthesia throughout the body. His mortality rate dropped from 50% to between 5% and 7% - Something unheard of at that time.
Esdaile performed over 1000 operations using hypnosis as his only anesthesia - over 300 of them major surgeries, and 19 of them amputations – before he was tried by the Medical Association of England, losing his medical license.
Ambroise A. Liebault (1823 – 1904) was a French Physician living near Nancy, France. Commonly known as the “Father of Suggestive Hypnosis,” Liebault moved to Nancy where he worked for free to avoid persecution from the detractors of mesmerism. As long as he didn’t charge for his services, they could not call him a "quack". In 1866, he published the culmination of all his hard work titled “Du Sommeil”. Only one copy was sold.
Leibault’s work went largely unrecognized until he teamed up with Hippolyte Bernheim (1837 – 1919), a professor at the Nancy School of Medicine. Bernheim was a more logical and scientific man than his predecessors. He didn’t make extravagant claims about hypnosis, but merely stated the facts. He published these facts in his work “Suggestive Therapeutics: A Treatise on the Nature and Uses of Hypnosis”. They soon opened the Nancy School of Hypnosis where many of the future hypnotists of the world were trained.
Charcot was a neurologist in Paris in the 1800’s specializing in the study of neurological disorders. He is probably most famous for first documenting and studying what later became known as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, or PTSD.
His initial conclusions about hypnosis were not favorable. He believed that hypnosis was an abnormal behavior, and furthermore, was a state of hysteria. He was later discredited by Bernheim because of this belief and went to study with him at the Nancy School of Hypnosis.
The father of Modern Psychotherapy, Sigmund Freud, then a physician in Vienna, began taking an interest in hypnosis as it gained popularity and became more mainstream. He went to France to study with Charcot at the Nancy School of Hypnosis. When Freud returned to Vienna, he began to practice and research hypnosis with his partner Dr. Breuer.
Eventually, Freud denounced hypnosis – a crushing blow that would destroy its reputation for years – when he claimed that a young lady suddenly jumped up and kissed him on the lips while in trance. The actual story is a little less exciting than all that.
Freud frequently used cocaine leaves between his cheeks and gums to control pain, a common practice at that time. This eventually led to the destruction of his gums, which caused his dentures to fit poorly. Because of this, Freud slurred and could not speak clearly enough to lead people into hypnosis. Regardless, his public “story” severely damaged the credibility of hypnosis in the medical field.
He later credited hypnosis for driving him in the right direction. From his studies of hypnotism, he began to formulate his theories of “talking therapy” and the concept of modern psychology was born.
Hypnosis enjoyed a revived interest in the late 1940’s and early 1950’s. Approved as a valid treatment medium by the American Medical Association in 1958, physicians, dentists and therapists began, once again, to experiment with and study hypnosis.
Born in Aurum, Nevada and raised in Wisconsin, Erickson became interested in hypnosis after witnessing a demonstration by Clark Hull. He was so impressed that he met with and hypnotized Hull after the show! He taught himself hypnosis from that point on.
Erickson had a great understanding of the human mind. While a Psychologist and a Psychiatrist, he received his most important training at a younger age. He explains in this quote taken from “Dr. Erickson's Personality and Life” by Jay Haley - 1967:
"I had a polio attack when 17 years old and I lay in bed without a sense of body awareness. I couldn't even tell the position of my arms or legs in bed. So I spent hours trying to locate my hand or my foot or my toes by a sense of feeling, and I became, acutely aware of what movements were. Later, when I went into medicine, I learned the nature of muscles. I used that knowledge to develop an adequate use of the muscles polio had left me and to limp with the least possible strain; this took me ten years. I also became extremely aware of physical movements and this has been exceedingly useful. People use those little telltale movements, those, adjustive movements that are so revealing if one can notice them. So much of our communication is in our bodily movements, not in our speech. I've found that I can recognize a good piano player not by the noises he makes, but by the ways his fingers touch the keys. The sure touch, the delicate touch, the forceful touch that is so accurate. Proper playing involves such exquisite physical movement." -
Milton H. Erickson essentially revolutionized the field of hypnosis. While there are those that promote and teach a pure Ericksonian technique, elements of Erickson’s wisdom are present in almost every hypnotists style these days. While a proper discussion of Ericksonian techniques are beyond the scope of this book (there are, in fact, entire books written on the subject – Check the bibliography).
As a young boy, Dave Elman had to watch his father, a stage-hypnotist, dying a terribly painful death from cancer. A week before his father was to pass away, a friend of the family, also a hypnotist came and put his father into trace to take away his pain. This was the last time the Dave Elman saw his father peaceful, playful and in good spirits. It made a lasting impression.
Elman spent the rest of his life dedicated to teaching hypnosis to healing professionals. Doctors, psychologists, dentists, pediatricians and more flocked to his classes week after week as Elman traveled the country with his wife. Elman specialized in a rapid induction that worked very well much of the time. This opened the door for medical applications where the doctor did not have the time to spend ten to twenty minutes inducing the patient into hypnosis. Word of mouth spread fast and Elman’s class was a success. He wrote one book that describes it all before he passed away. In my opinion, it is a must read for anyone… medical or not. Check the bibliography for more information.
The Dean of Modern Stage Hypnosis, Ormond McGill has been described as "…one of the true giants in the history of hypnotism” by hypnosis greats such as Gill Boyne. Beginning in the late 1920s, McGill developed a stage style that is unrivalled even today. Many of today’s great hypnotists have gotten their start or honed their style at Ormond’s seminar. His book, The Encyclopedia of Stage Hypnotism is a must read for anyone that aspires to perform hypnosis.
Bandler and Grinder are the co-founders of NLP, also known as Neuro-Linguistic Programming. NLP is loosely related to hypnosis in one form or another and is based, in part, on theories of “quick change” in psychotherapy. NLP has become a favorite tool of many hypnotists because of its rapport building abilities and the ability to squash phobias and cause change quickly in the subject.
Richard Bandler was a mathematics and computer science major studying at the University of San Jose in the early 70’s. He became interested in psychotherapy while editing a book written by Dr. Pearl and approached John Grinder and professor and master or linguistics to propose a study of the structure of the language patterns that therapists use to cure patients. The combination of Bandler’s structured logical thinking and Grinder’s breakdown of language was something that therapy had not seen before. By studying the patterns of noteworthy, successful therapists (Fritz Pearl, psychologist; Gregory Bateson, Linguistics/General Semantics; Virginia Satir, Family Therapy; Milton H. Erickson, hypnotist), they developed a set of “cookie cutter” therapies that anyone could use to cause change.
While NLP has taken many directions, we will look at its benefits of healing and hypnosis. NLP has also been applied to everything from persuasion to power writing to selling anything to seduction. There are many resources available in the Bibliography.
Founder of the American Board of Hypnotherapy (originally
called the California Council of Hypnotherapy), Dr. Krasner has pioneered and
taught many of the techniques used in modern hypnotherapy.
His simple, no frills technique for putting the subject at ease (and then putting the
subject into trance) is documented well in his book (see the Bibliography). His
style is taught at the American Pacific University, endorsed by the American
Board of Hypnotherapy. Dr
Krasner’s contribution was so great that he was selected for inclusion in the
Directory of Distinguished Americans for outstanding contributions to the field
of hypnotherapy.
· Amnesia: Total forgetting of a specific event or subject.
· Anesthesia: Complete loss of sensation in a particular area of the body.
· Analgesia: Loss of pain sensation, but retention of pressure and heat sensations
· Auto-Hypnosis: Self-Hypnosis
· Catalepsy: A perfect balance of the opposing muscles in the area of the body, keeping an appendage or the whole body rigid.
· Cessation: The act of removing a habit, such as smoking cessation
· Congruence: Behaving in a way that is in line with the words that you speak.
· Direct Commands: Commands given to a subject in a direct manner, such as "stand up", or "you will quit smoking".
· Eye Fixation: Having the subject stare at a spot until the eyes become so tired that they close on their own.
· Fractionation: Bringing the subject out-of and back in-to trance repeatedly to deepen their trance.
· Glove Anesthesia: Anesthesia that begins in the hand and can be transferred to any part of the body through the hand.
· Intervention: The act of "curing" a person using suggestions and other modalities such as NLP.
· Metaphor: A short story tailored to the situation of the subject.
· NLP or Neuro Linguistic Programming: A modality for creating generative change in your subject using many techniques.
· Pace: Following your subject with your body language, movements, tonality, tempo, or choice of words.
· Pattern Interruption: A technique whereby the hypnotist can interrupt a common movement in the subject to rapidly induce trance.
· Post-Hypnotic Suggestion: Suggestions to be carried out after the subject has been awakened. Sometimes triggered by a specified event or word being spoken.
· Rapid Induction: An induction which utilizes the five traits of good suggestions to rapidly induce trance in a subject.
· Rapport: A feeling of comfort and trust shared between the hypnotist and the subject.
· Suggestion: Words formed in a way such that the subject feels compelled to act out the command.
· Tempo: The speed and rhythm of the words you speak.
· Tonality: The pitch, or relative high-ness or low-ness of your voice.
· Yes Sets: Stacking realities, where each portion of the yes set requires the subject to answer yes, so that a yes outcome for the desired part is more likely.
· Hypnosis: A Comprehensive Guide by Tad James
· Hypnotherapy and Hypnosis by Calvin S. Banyan, Gerald F. Kein, Calvin D. Banyan
· The New Encyclopedia of Stage Hypnosis by Ormond McGill
· The Wizard Within: The Krazner Method of Hypnotherapy by A. M. Krazner
· Tranceworks by Michael D. Yapko
· Handbook of Hypnotic Suggestions and Metaphors by Corydon Hammond, et al
· Fun with Hypnosis: The Complete How-To Guide by Professor Svengali
· Training Trances by John Overdurf, Julie Silverthorn, Tad James
· Trance-Formations by Richard Bandler and John Grinder
· The Complete Idiot's Guide to Hypnosis by Roberta Temes
· Hypnosis for Change by Josie Hadley, Carol Staudacher
· The Magic of NLP Demystified: A Pragmatic Guide to Communication and Change by Byron A. Lewis, et al
· The Structure of Magic Volume I by Richard Bandler and John Grinder
· The Structure of Magic Volume II by Richard Bandler and John Grinder
· The Sourcebook of Magic by L. Michael Hall
· Modeling with NLP by Robert Dilts
· Changing Belief Systems by Robert Dilts
· Timeline Therapy and the Basis of Personality by Tad James
· Using your Brain… For a Change by Richard Bandler, et al
· Heart of the Mind by Richard Bandler, et al
· Reframing by Richard Bandler and John Grinder
· Therapeutic Metaphors by David A. Gordon
· Frogs into Princes by Richard Bandler and John Grinder
· Instant Rapport by Michael Brooks
· My Voice will Go With You: The Motivational Tales of Milton H. Erickson
· Chicken Soup for the Soul and other related titles by Jack Canfield
· Hynotic TranceScapes by Learn Hypnosis... Now! author, Michael Stevenson - www.trancescapes.com
· Across an Ocean of Dreams by 2002
· Wrapped in Stillness by Various Artists
· Native Trance and Wind Trance by Christopher Wayne Morrison
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